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The Process Behind Making Glass
We use glass in countless household and industrial items, and most of the time we don't even realise it's there. We use it in our cars, buildings, light bulbs and wine glasses, but few people know exactly how glass transforms from raw materials into the functional molded end products. Lets take a look at the required procedures for making glass.
1.) The raw materials of glass are sand and some additional elements. Not any old sand will do and most often Silica is used, in combination with certain amounts of soda ash and also limestone. The amount of each component used has quite a big impact on how the glass turns out, and additional elements are often used to alter density and colour etc. For example, a glass blower might add a small amount of red dye to the mix to make pink champagne glasses.
2.) This mix of minerals is heated up to approximately 1800oC. At this temperature the minerals in the mixture all become liquid and blend together. Very large furnaces are needed to generate the heat to melt glass. Electric powered furnaces are on the increase, although traditional glass blowers still prefer to use classic coal fires. When the glass mix is in a molten state, it can easily be manipulated and sculpted or blown in to specific shapes. This is a skill that takes years to master and is very easy to get wrong.
3.) Once the glass has been shaped it is left to cool down. This cooling process is very important as it can have a huge influence on the glass qualities, including strength, clarity and how it shatters. For example, whisky glasses are often cooled slowly as this makes them less susceptible to scratches, although the refractive index is slightly lower than other types of glass
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